#PNG SHOVEL AND DIRT FREE DOWNLOAD MANUAL#
Until the 1950s, manual shovelling employed large numbers of workers. These industries did not always rely exclusively on such work, but such work was a ubiquitous part of them. The same is also true of the history of mining and quarrying and of bulk materials handling in industries such as steelmaking and stevedoring. Railroad cars and cargo holds containing ore, coal, gravel, sand, or grains were often loaded and unloaded this way. Manual shovelling (often in combination with picking) was the chief means of excavation in construction until mechanisation via steam shovels and later hydraulic equipment (excavators such as backhoes and loaders) gradually replaced most manual shovelling. In neolithic times and earlier a large animal's scapula (shoulder blade) was often used as a crude shovel or spade. It is via this connection between shoulder blades and digging blades that the words spatula and spade both have etymologic connection with scapulas. They can be optimised for a single task or designed as cross-over or compromise multitaskers. Hand shovels have been adapted for many different tasks and environments.
Modern power shovels descend from steam shovels. Loaders and excavators(such as backhoes) perform similar work, etically speaking, but are not classified as shovels emically. The term shovel also applies to larger excavating machines called power shovels, which serve the same purpose-digging, lifting, and moving material. These designs can all be easily mass-produced. A T-piece is commonly fitted to the end of the handle to aid grip and control where the shovel is designed for moving soil and heavy materials. The handles are usually riveted in place. This fold also commonly provides extra rigidity to the blade. Hand shovel blades made of sheet steel usually have a folded seam or hem at the back to make a socket for the handle. Shovel handles are usually made of wood (especially specific varieties such as ash or maple) or glass-reinforced plastic (fibreglass). Shovel blades are usually made of sheet steel or hard plastics and are very strong. Most shovels are hand tools consisting of a broad blade fixed to a medium-length handle.
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